SJ General Medicine Africa is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal with both Online (ISSN: 3006-9122) and Print (ISSN: 3006-9114) Medium that focuses on general and internal medicine study findings from students. The journal is interested in publishing reports, reviews, case reports, short communications, Experiences of authors, original research, and clinical studies across all disease areas. We aim to Publish high-impact findings at the international level. The Journal was established on Sunday, 31 December 2023 and it is Published by SJC Publishers Company Limited. Aim and Scope of SJ General Medicine Africa Aim: SJ General Medicine Africa aims to advance the field of general medicine in the African context by disseminating high-quality, peer-reviewed research. The journal seeks to foster a comprehensive understanding of medical practices, challenges, and innovations relevant to the African continent and the world over, promoting improved health outcomes and healthcare practices across diverse populations. Scope: SJ General Medicine Africa publishes original research articles, reviews, clinical studies, and case reports covering all aspects of general medicine. The journal focuses on, but is not limited to: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of diseases prevalent in Africa Public health initiatives and their impact on community health Innovations in medical technology and their application in African healthcare settings Health policy and its implications for general medicine practice Training and education in medical practices within African medical institutions Comparative studies on healthcare systems and outcomes Indigenous medical practices and their integration with modern medicine
Attitude towards post-exposure prophylaxis among clinical officer students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
Background Early administration of a short course of ART (as PEP for 28days) reduces the risk of HIV transmission by 81%. The study aims to assess the attitude towards Post Exposure Prophylaxis among clinical officer students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district. Methodology The study employed across sectional study design with a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected on a sample size of 50 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language with open and closed-ended questions. Data analysis was done manually using tally sheets, pens, and paper, and entered in excel computer program and presented in tables and figures. Results More than half (56%) of the respondents were males, (44%) were females. All of the respondents (100%) agreed that PEP is important. (87%) believed that training on PEP is important for behavioural change. Regarding whether respondents believed that there should be PEP guidelines in work areas, all (100%) believed that they should be there. (90%) believed that PEP can reduce the likelihood of being diseased after exposure, (10%) didn’t know whether it can reduce the likelihood or not. (90%) agreed that PEP is not important if the exposure is not with the blood of a patient with known HIV positive, whereas the least of the respondents (10%) were not sure. Conclusions The study revealed that study participants had a reasonable attitude towards post-exposure prophylaxis, as all the respondents agreed that PEP is important. Recommendations The Ministry of Health should make sure that there are PEP guidelines in the workplaces where students do their practicum, since all respondents had a positive attitude towards them, and hence can guide the respondents in case of an exposure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lovinsa Nakasolya, Prosper Mubangizi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion as a Clinical Manifestation of Sickle Cell Trait: A Case Report.
Background Sickle hemoglobin disorders are associated with vaso-occlusive and hyperviscosity-related complications involving multiple organ systems, including the eye. Ocular manifestations usually include non-proliferative or proliferative sickle retinopathy, whereas retinal vein occlusion is less commonly emphasized, particularly in individuals with sickle cell trait. This case highlights branch retinal vein occlusion as a clinically significant ophthalmic manifestation associated with sickle cell trait. Case presentation A 41-year-old man from Araku Valley presented with sudden blurring of vision in the right eye for 10 days, associated with decreased vision and recurrent headache. Ocular examination showed a positive comma sign in the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed diffuse superficial hemorrhages with sclerotic arterioles in the superotemporal quadrant and associated macular edema, leading to a diagnosis of superotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion. Hematological evaluation showed mild anemia with microcytic indices, fragmented red blood cells, and a positive sickling test after 24 hours. High-performance liquid chromatography showed a heterozygous sickle hemoglobin pattern, with HbS at 23.8%, consistent with sickle cell trait. Extensive systemic evaluation for alternative causes of retinal vein occlusion, including thrombophilia, autoimmune, and vasculitic profiles, was negative. The patient was treated with three intravitreal ranibizumab injections and laser photocoagulation for ischemic retina, following which macular edema resolved and visual acuity stabilized at 6/9. Conclusions Branch retinal vein occlusion can occur as an important ocular manifestation of sickle cell trait after exclusion of other etiologies. Early ophthalmic recognition, hematological confirmation, and timely intervention are crucial for visual recovery and prevention of recurrent retinal vascular events in susceptible individuals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Josephine Bindu Prathipaty, Dr. Jyothsna Duvvada, Dr. Dharma Raju Bennabhaktula, Dr. Bhagyalakshmi Atla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caretakers towards Individuals with epilepsy in Punuatar Oyam district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: In many African settings, including rural Uganda, epilepsy is often misunderstood and associated with myths such as witchcraft and contagion. These misconceptions contribute to stigma, negative attitudes, and poor practices toward individuals with epilepsy. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caretakers towards individuals with epilepsy in Punuatar, Oyam District. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 80 adult residents of Punuatar selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarize findings. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 35–44 years (50%), female (68.8%), had primary education (40%), and were predominantly farmers (57.5%). Most respondents (75%) had heard about epilepsy, and 70% believed it could be treated with medication. However, 53.7% attributed epilepsy to witchcraft or evil spirits, and 75% believed it was contagious. Attitudes were moderately positive, with 57.5% comfortable living with individuals with epilepsy and 50% comfortable working with them. Despite this, 60% did not allow their children to interact with affected individuals, and 67.5% perceived them as dangerous. In practice, 40% preferred taking individuals experiencing seizures to traditional healers, and 68.8% had advised others to seek spiritual or traditional treatment. Additionally, 50% reported that medical treatment for epilepsy was rarely accessed in the community. Conclusion: Although awareness of epilepsy exists, significant misconceptions, negative attitudes, and inappropriate practices persist, contributing to stigma and delayed medical care. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should strengthen community sensitization programs to address misconceptions. The District Health Office should improve access to epilepsy treatment and train health workers, while communities should promote inclusion and reduce stigma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Justine Owor, Lamex Ogwal, Denis Obong, Ronald Awoi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social-economic risk factors to peptic ulcer disease among student nurses of Kampala University Mutundwe campus, Lubaga division, Kampala district. A cross-sectional study
Background Peptic ulcer disease can also be defined as a mucosa break greater than 3-5mm in the stomach or duodenum with a visible depth. The aim of the study is to assess the social-economic risk factors to peptic ulcer disease among student nurses of Kampala University Mutundwe campus, Lubaga division, Kampala district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing quantitative methods of data collection. A sample size of 56 respondents was used determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table achieved through convenient sampling of student nurses who were present for data collection. Data was manually analyzed and tallied, the results were processed using micro-Microsoft Word and Excel programs which was processed and presented inform of frequency tables, figures, pie charts, graphs and narratives. Results Majority 46(82%) of the respondents were not married while 10(18%) were married. 21 (38%) of the respondents were for other religions (Pentecostals) followed by 14(25%) who were Muslims, 12 (21%) who were Anglicans, and 9(16%) who were Catholics. 41(73%) of the respondents fasted while 15(27%) did not fast. 29(52%) respondents who had family members who smoked cigarettes or took alcohol and 27(48%) who neither smoked cigarettes nor took alcohol. 43(77%) of the respondents bought food while 13(23%) did not buy. The majority of the students depend on food prepared from restaurants. Conclusion Social economic risk factors to PUD cases among students were religions like Christianity and Muslim religion who engage in fasting, and having friends or family members who take alcohol, lack of adequate income to facilitate the student. Recommendations The students should be health educated about Peptic ulcer disease preventive measures. The government should organize Peptic ulcer disease eradication campaigns targeting students and youths.
Copyright (c) 2026 Babra Chekwemoi, Elizabeth Nalwoga, Grace Denise Akwang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AMONG STUDENT NURSES OF KAMPALA UNIVERSITY MUTUNDWE CAMPUS, LUBAGA DIVISION, KAMPALA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine. The study aims to assess the individual risk factors for peptic ulcer disease among student nurses of Kampala University Mutundwe campus, Lubaga division, Kampala district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing quantitative methods of data collection. A sample size of 56 respondents was achieved through a convenient sampling of student nurses who were present for data collection. Data was manually analyzed and tallied, the results were processed using micro-Microsoft Word and Excel programs which were processed and presented in the form of frequency tables, figures, pie charts, graphs, and narratives. Results: Majority 45(80%) of the respondents were female while 11(20%) were male. 17(30%) of the respondents have ever been diagnosed with PUD while. 50 (100%), 11(20%) took alcohol whereas, 8(14%) took NSAID drugs 1(2%) smoked or chewed tobacco while 36(64%) neither took alcohol, smoked 40(71%) did not have their meals in time while 16(29%) had their meals in time. 25(44%) had at least two meals daily,16(29%) had three meals in a day 10(18%) had at least one meal daily and 5(9%) had four meals daily. 46(82%) of the respondents had psychological issues while 10(18%) had no psychological issues. 38(68%) of the respondents fed on spiced food while 18(32%) were not eating spiced food. Conclusion: Individual factors that contributed to a great number of PUD cases among students were NSAID use, H.pylori infection, skipping of meals, starvation, stress, poor meal timing, eating spiced food, fasting, and taking alcohol. Recommendations: Students should be encouraged to seek proper medical care in case they develop signs and symptoms of PUD.
Copyright (c) 2024 BABRA CHEKWEMOI , Elizabeth Nalwoga, Grace Denise Akwang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SELF-MEDICATION AMONG ADULTS AGED 18-45 YEARS AT NTWETWE HEALTH CENTER IV, KYANKWANZI DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Self-medication is the use of medications without prior medical consultation regarding indication, dosage, and duration of treatment. The purpose of the study is to identify factors contributing to self-medication among adults aged 18-45 years at Ntwetwe Health Center IV, Kyankwanzi district. Methodology A cross-sectional study using quantitative methods of data collection was used to determine The study included all adults aged 18-45 years at Ntwetwe Health Centre IV. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and checked for completeness then analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results (68%) of the respondents were females while (42%) were males. Results on individual factors contributing to self-medication showed the presence of self-medication since (78%) had kept some medication at home, (70%) minor illness. (90%) had drug outlets like pharmacies around their homes, (60%) were recommended by someone in the community to acquire certain drugs. The study also established health-related factors contributing to self-medication indicated since, (36%) had no health facility around their homes (36%) had to move long distances to reach health facilities, (56%) found no drugs at public health facilities, (72%) had to wait long waiting hours at health facilities to see health workers and (72%) had a right to choose a drug after consultation from health workers. Conclusion The major factors contributing to self-medication were keeping some medication at home, minor illness, having drug outlets near home, recommendation from community members, absence of health center near home, absence of drugs in public health centers, long waiting hours, the right to choose drug after consultation Recommendations The Ministry of Health should design and implement health care that will ensure proper management of drugs at health facilities by health workers to improve handling drugs in health facilities
Copyright (c) 2024 TEOPISTER N NANYOMBI , Alex Katwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors contributing to the increased prevalence of dental caries among residents of Nabweru South Ward in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Dental caries is one of the oral health problems that causes the destruction of the hard parts of a tooth by the interaction of bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates. The aim of the study is to determine the factors contributing to the increased prevalence of dental caries among residents of Nabweru Southward in Nansana municipality, Wakiso district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study included both male and female residents of Nabweru South Ward. A simple random technique was used to select respondents from the population. Results: 2(64%) of the respondents were males, 18(36%) were females. 30(60%) were single, 80% do brush their teeth, (60%) brushed their teeth twice in a day, 87.5% use a toothbrush and tooth paste to brush their tooth, (60.52%) change their tooth brush after 6 months, (84%) do not smoke cigarette, (75%) were current smokers, (56%) do not take alcohol, (60%) eat meals containing sugary foods, (86%) had never gone for a dental checkup while (14%), (71.4%) who go for dental checkup go there once in a year, (40%) were un employed, 56% earn less than 100,000 Ugandan shillings. Conclusion: Failure to do dental checkups, alcohol intake, and consumption of sugary meals were the factors that contributed to dental caries. Recommendation The government, through the Ministry of Health, should educate the general public about dental caries and proper oral hygiene practices in order to reduce their occurrence and prevalence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Flugensio Kabuubi, Cliffe Atukuuma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Practices towards post-exposure prophylaxis among clinical officer students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study
Background: Post-exposure prophylaxis for exposed individuals has been associated with varying practices among health practitioners across the world. The study aims to assess practice towards Post Exposure Prophylaxis among clinical officer students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district. Methodology: The study employed across sectional study design with a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected on a sample size of 50 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language with open and closed-ended questions. Data analysis was done manually using tally sheets, pens, and paper, and entered in excel computer program and presented in tables and figures. Results: More than half (58%) of the respondents were single, the majority of the respondents (70%) were from year 3, (30%) of the respondents were in year 2. Regarding whether respondents consider themselves to be at risk of HIV acquisition at their workplaces/sites. All the respondents (100%) considered themselves to be at risk of HIV acquisition. Most of the respondents (40%) said they can wash the site immediately with soap or mild disinfectant. The majority of the respondents (60%) had never been exposed to HIV, (40%) had ever been exposed to HIV. Regarding the distribution of respondents who were initiated on PEP after exposure, all 20 (100%) were initiated on PEP. The majority of the respondents (85%) finished the dose, (15%) did not finish. Conclusions: Participants possessed fair practice towards post-exposure prophylaxis to HIV since all the respondents considered themselves to be at risk of HIV acquisition at their workplace/sites. Recommendations: The tutors of Kampala school of health sciences should teach the clinical officer students on what to do immediately after exposure, and this will reduce the likelihood of being diseased after exposure.
Practice towards Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Knowledge about prevention of Hepatitis C among patients aged 18-35 years in Adjumani General Hospital, Adjumani district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The migrant population from the neighbouring and sub-Saharan African countries has inadequate knowledge about HBV and HCV to limit infection. The study aims to assess the knowledge towards the prevention of hepatitis C among patients aged 18-35 years attending Adjumani General Hospital, Adjumani district. Methodology: The study adapted a cross-sectional descriptive study design and targeted a population of all adult patients aged 18-35 years. Purposive sampling was done to obtain the sample. Descriptive analysis was used on the data collected. Data was collected by the use of a suitable statistical package, i.e., Microsoft Word. Results: More than half (52%) of the respondents were within the age bracket of 1822 years of age, whereas the minority (12%) were within the age bracket of 32-35 years of age. More than half (59%) of the respondents had ever heard about Hepatitis C. Most (42%) of the respondents knew that Hepatitis C was caused by a virus. (62%) Some of the respondents knew that Hepatitis C was transmitted through sexual intercourse. Most (35%) of the respondents knew that the Hepatitis C virus is transmitted during pregnancy and at birth. Conclusions: The overall results on knowledge towards prevention of Hepatitis C among the respondents were generally good, having obtained it from various sources like health facilities, media like radios and newspapers, institutions, and community outreaches. Recommendation: The Ministry of Health, Uganda, should emphasise and carry out community outreaches, health education on radio talk shows, and mass media like newspapers, etc., to create awareness and basic knowledge about the prevention of the Hepatitis C virus, since the disease has no vaccine available.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bol Jiek Gorong, Vincent Charles Kalungi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS HAND WASHING AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE FOR INFECTIONS AMONG STUDENTS OF KAMPALA SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background The lack of WASH services in health facilities increases the risk of healthcare-associated infections and lowers patient satisfaction. The study aimed to identify the attitude and practices towards hand washing as a preventive measure for infections among students of Kampala school of health sciences, Wakiso district. Methodology A cross-sectional study design. The study population comprised registered students of Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district with a sample size of 50 respondents. Results (66%) noted that their rate of being at risk of acquiring infections as a result of omitting hand washing was high. (62%) preferred hands rub as the most convenient method of hand washing. (70%) were not satisfied with the facilities available for hand washing at school. (50%) agreed that they feel free to motivate a fellow student to always implement hand washing as a mechanism for infection prevention. (52%) reported that they regularly wash their hands. (50%) reported inadequate access to hand washing facilities at school as a reason as to why they irregularly wash their hands. (52%) reported that sometimes they receive formal sensitization on hand washing at school. (66%) reported that they use facial expressions while greeting their colleagues at school with handkerchiefs as the drying method after hand wash. Conclusion Attitudes towards hand washing among medical students were significantly worthy of impressing but certain displeasing practices such as adequate access to hand washing facilities noticed by the researcher need to be enriched for the effectiveness of infection prevention. Recommendation The school administration should carry out frequent training sessions and performance feedback to encourage students to follow correct hand hygiene practices. These interventions would help identify gaps in practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Spaceoza Namurondo, Amiri Were (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CARETAKERS’ KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS PREVENTION OF TINEA CAPITA AMONG CHILDREN BELOW 12 YEARS IN KAJJANSI HEALTH CENTER IV, WAKISO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Tinea capitis (TC) is a disease caused by superficial fungal infection of the skin of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles. The prevalence of tinea capitis has increased in children worldwide. Therefore, this study intends to assess the Caretaker's knowledge towards prevention of tinea capita among children below 12 years in Kajjansi Health Center iv, Wakiso district. Methodology A descriptive study design was employed for quantitative data collection, simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from which data was collected. Well, a well-designed, semi-structured questionnaire written in the English language with open and closed-ended questions and pre-tested questionnaires was used to collect data on a sample of 50 respondents, data was later analyzed manually and systematically by compiling it in the form of percentages, tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results Majority of respondents (46%) were between the age (7-12) years, (40%) had completed their primary level of education. 54% of the respondents had ever heard about tinea capitis, 46% knew breaking off of the hair was a sign of tinea capitis, (50%) knew that observing proper personal hygiene was one of the management options for tinea capitis and 70% mentioned that tinea capitis is spread through shaving at the barbershop. Conclusion Knowledge about prevention of tinea capitis among caretakers was fair; since most of the respondents had ever heard about tinea capitis and most of them had obtained the information about tinea capitis from the health workers. Recommendations The Ministry of Health and NGO through media should create awareness about the management and prevention of tinea capitis in children to the population.
Prevention of Tinea capitis among children
Copyright (c) 2025 Fredrick Polycap Onauro, Sharifah Nabukenya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Knowledge and attitude towards oral health among caretakers of children below 5 years at Masaka regional referral hospital, Masaka district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Primary teeth not only lay down the foundation for permanent teeth but also play a key role in chewing, the development of speech, guiding the eruption of permanent teeth, and maintaining space. The aim of the study is to assess knowledge and attitude towards oral health among caretakers of children below 5 years at Masaka regional referral hospital, Masaka district. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in this study. The group was composed of caretakers of children below 5 years in the Masaka regional referral hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from the source population. Results: Most of the respondents (52%) were within the age bracket of 24-29 years, (58%) knew that toothpaste contained fluoride, (54%) knew prevention of tooth decay as the role of fluoride in the toothpaste, (78%) knew tooth decay as the most common dental disease in children, (58%) knew the first milk tooth erupts after 6 months (68%) knew restricting sweets prevents tooth decay, (90%) agreed that cleaning the child’s teeth should be done by caretakers, (80%) agreed that it’s necessary to clean the child’s teeth after every meal, (56%) disagreed that night-time bottle-feeding causes caries, (56%) disagreed that milk teeth do not require good care as it is going to fall anyway whereas minority (4%) uncertain. Conclusion: Participants had fairly pleasing knowledge of oral health in children below 5 years. Participants had a reasonable attitude towards oral health in children below 5 years. Recommendations: The Ministry of Health should promote health education of the masses on issues pertaining to oral health and hygiene to help the general public understand the different ways they can keep children’s mouths healthy and how to prevent illnesses resulting from poor oral hygiene.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariam Katongole, Stephen Oketcho (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors Influencing Low Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in First Trimester Among Pregnant Women Aged 18-45 Years at Kajjansi Health Centre IV, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional.
Background: Early utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services during the first trimester is crucial for improving maternal and fetal health outcomes. This study investigated individual, community, and health facility–related factors influencing low utilization of first-trimester ANC services among pregnant women aged 18–45 years. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, involving a sample of 50 pregnant women aged 18–45 years attending a health facility. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and results were presented in tables and figures as frequencies and percentages. Results: The majority of respondents (54%) were aged 28–32 years, 52% had secondary education, and 76% were married. Most (54%) recognized their pregnancies after missing two consecutive menstrual cycles. Half of the respondents had two living children, and 52% had not planned their pregnancies. More than half (58%) believed ANC should start after two months of pregnancy, and 44% cited booking for childbirth as the main reason for attending ANC. Most respondents (74%) initiated ANC between 4 and 6 months of gestation. Community factors revealed limited social support, with 52% of respondents reporting no encouragement from their husbands or family members. Health facility factors included long waiting times, where 50% spent over 60 minutes accessing services, and fair provider attitudes reported by 56% of respondents. Conclusion: Despite high awareness of ANC services, utilization during the first trimester remains low. Delayed pregnancy recognition, unplanned pregnancies, limited social support, misconceptions about the appropriate timing of ANC initiation, and health facility barriers such as long waiting times contribute to late ANC attendance. Recommendations: There is a need to strengthen community sensitization on the importance of first-trimester ANC, promote male partner involvement, enhance pregnancy planning education, and improve health facility efficiency to encourage timely utilization of ANC services
Copyright (c) 2026 Rachiel Athieng Malual, Sharifah Nabukenya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE PRACTICES TOWARDS SPECIAL OPERATING PROCEDURES ON COVID-19 PREVENTION AMONG HEALTH WORKERS AT BUKAKATA HEALTH CENTER, MASAKA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background. The study aimed to assess; the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards SOPs on covid 19 prevention among health workers at Bukakata Health Center III, Masaka district. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed with a quantitative approach. Data was collected from a sample of 50 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire; results were systematically computed into frequency and percentages using Microsoft Excel to generate tables and figures for easy presentations. Results. Results from the study showed that 50% of the respondents were aged (40-45) years, 52% were females and about 34% were Baganda by tribe. (96%) of the participants had ever heard about SOPs on COVID-19 prevention and (60%) said they obtained the information from social media. (40%) knew viruses as the causative agent. About (94%) agreed that covid 19 SOPs can reduce the spread of covid 19 and (60%) believed that at one time they could be infected with covid 19 however, (80%) disagreed with isolation as an effective way of preventing the spread of covid 19. close (70%) used to put on face masks and (50%) used to use alcohol-based sanitizers as a preventive measure against covid 19. Conclusion. Generally, study participants exhibited fair knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward SOPs on COVID-19 prevention. Many knew viruses as the causative agent and most had a strong belief that hand washing can prevent the spread of covid 19. Quite a number mentioned putting on masks and regular use of alcohol-based sanitizer as the most common practices against covid 19 prevention. Recommendation. There should be adequate sensitization of health workers by MOH on different SOPs used in COVID-19 prevention. We are increasing the supply of personal protective equipment in health centers by the MOH.
Copyright (c) 2024 GEOFREY SSENNYONGA , Tushaba Ohurira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED CASES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG TEENAGERS AT NAGURU TEENAGE INFORMATION AND HEALTH CENTRE, NAKAWA, BUGOLOBI-KAMPALA- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Globally, it has been estimated that approximately one million teenagers get pregnant each year. At the same time, about 24% of them become pregnant before the age of 19 in Uganda of which the Kiswa Community is among. The study's objective was to determine the factors contributing to increased cases of teenage pregnancies at Naguru Teenage Information and Health Centre. Methodology Through a cross-sectional descriptive study design using a quantitative approach and through convenient sampling, a total of 62 teenage mothers were studied and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results Of 62 teenage pregnant mothers selected the majority 50(80%) of respondents were aged 16-19 years, only 5 below 15 years, with most having attained at least secondary education 43(69%) and only 2(3%) never went to school. Social factors like poverty 23(37%), early sexual contact 57(91%), increased crime rate 2(3%), and the majority 57 (92%) of the respondents did not use family planning before they conceived, health facility factors for example reluctance in family planning use 57(92%). However, alcohol influenced sexual behavior before the pregnancy with 79% being sober before engaging in sex. Conclusions Of the 62 teenage mothers who participated in the study, the majority of the mothers were still in school by the time they got pregnant. Low education levels of teenage mothers, early sexual contact, alcohol influence, and low usage of family planning services use had a positive influence on teenage pregnancy among the respondents. Recommendations As the researcher, I urge the government through the Ministry of Health to Increase the intensity of information sharing about teenage pregnancy among teenagers especially those living in rural areas/Villages
Copyright (c) 2024 Johnbosco Tumuhimbise Tumuhimbise, Julius Oluka (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LOW UTILIZATION OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG WOMEN AGED 18-45 YEARS IN BUKOOVA HEALTH CENTER III, LUUKA DISTRICT. A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background More women are using effective methods of contraception with the number of women with a need for family planning rose from 0.7 billion in 1990 to 1.1 billion in 2021. The study aims to assess the factors contributing to the low utilization of family planning among women aged 18-45 years in Bukoova Health Center III, Luuka District. Methodology A cross-sectional study study was conducted in Bukoova Health Center III, Luuka district. A systematic sampling procedure was used. Semi-structured questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions written in English. Data was analyzed and counted by tallying using a pen and sheets of paper. Results Most of the respondents (40%) were married whereas the least (18%) were divorced. (58%) had intentions of using family planning methods in the future whereas (42%) did not. (46%) were decided by their husband. (54%) had never had enough counseling services from health workers. (54%) were unemployed whereas the least (22%) were self-employed. (50%) their husbands had attained a primary level of education (52%) were prevented by culture/religion Planning. (54%) had never had enough counseling services (62%) reported >5km as the distance from their homes to the Conclusion Major factors contributing to low utilization of family planning among women aged 18-45 years were: discomfort with the particular family planning method, unemployment levels, husbands' decisions, cultural/religious beliefs, inadequate counseling services, a long distance from homes to the health facility, and long-awaited time. Recommendation The Ministry of Health should enforce in-service training of health workers to improve and sustain provider knowledge and competence in providing a range of family planning methods.
Copyright (c) 2024 ZEPHANIA TIGAWALANA , Sharifah Nabukenya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED CASES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AGED 18-45 YEARS IN KACHUMBALA HEALTH CENTRE III, BUKEDEA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors contributing to the increased prevalence of urinary tract infections among pregnant mothers aged 18-45 years in Kachumbala Health Center III, Bukedea district. Methodology. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design with a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from 50 sampled respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions, analysis was done, and results were presented in tables and figures, and then interpreted. Results. From the study, about (58%) of the respondents were aged between 25-34 years of age, of that (76%) of were Itesotswith close to (78%) of the respondents being peasants’ farmers, and at least (42%) of them had attained a primary level of education. It was also noticed that (86%) of the respondents don’t void before or after sex, while (68%) of the respondents reported that they changed their undergarments only once a day. Most of the respondents (78%) had unstable income, and 54% of the respondents reported that they had more than two sexual partners. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy was reported to be at 24%, and nearly 54% of the respondents had ever used public toilets during pregnancy. (18%) Of the respondents reported having used indwelling catheters during pregnancy, and 72% of the respondents reported that they did not receive appropriate treatment for their UTI. Conclusion. The researcher generally cited that the use of public toilets, multiple sexual partners, low level of income, and lack of adequate treatment were some of the most common causes of increased cases of UTIs during pregnancy. Recommendation. The MOH should equip the health facilities with screening equipment for UTIs for regular screening of pregnant women in all their antenatal care visits to reduce the cases of UTIs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Simon Olupot , Alex Katwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS DETERMINING IMPLEMENTATION OF MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION SERVICES AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN KAKUMIRO HEALTH CENTRE IV KAKUMIRO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background In Uganda, out of 314,300 abortions that occur approximately 93,300 women are treated for complications of unsafe abortion mainly by using manual vacuum aspiration (MVA). However, poor and rural women whose access is constrained by infrastructural and financial limitations cannot receive safe post-abortal MVA services. The main aim of the study was to establish factors determining the implementation of manual vacuum aspiration services among healthcare workers in Kakumiro Health Centre IV Kakumiro District Methods This was cross-sectional descriptive that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Using a purposive sampling method, 32 respondents were selected and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed and presented into tables, graphs, and tables using Microsoft Excel. Results The study showed that midwife factors were 22(68.7%) had received training about performing MVA, 19(59.4%) had experience of 1 – 5 years in performing MVA, 17(53.1%) never had confidence in MVA and 26(81.2%) were not willing to perform MVA. Health facility factors revealed that 23(71.9%) reported the availability of MVA equipment sometimes, 23(76.7%) reported the presence of faulty MVA equipment, 21(65.6%) reported the absence of strong opioid drugs and 24(75%) reported presences of inadequate staff for performing MVA. Conclusion Both individual and health facility-related factors hindered utilization of MVA. Recommendation Strategies are needed to enhance the utilization of MVA like offering training, constant supply, and recruitment of more midwives to offer MVA.
Copyright (c) 2024 NASTA BUSOBOZI , Nelson Kakande (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS INFLUENCING UTILISATION OF FEMALE CONDOMS AMONG WOMEN AGED 20-45 YEARS ATTENDING KALADIMA HCIII AMURU DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Women especially in the age group 20-45 years are at risk of getting STIS including HIV and unplanned pregnancy and this is attributed to the failure of women to use female condoms which could be protective, therefore, this study assesses the factors influencing the utilization of female condoms among women aged 20-45 years attending Kaladima HCIII Amuru district. Method The study was a descriptive cross-sectional that employed quantitative methods in which a questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 presented in graphs, tables, and pie charts, and interpretations were derived using percentages. Results Findings revealed that all respondents (100%) alleged that the unavailability of female condoms contributed to lack of adequate use Majority (99%) knew about the female condom as a method of preventing pregnancy however,83% did not use them because they were not supported by their partners. (77%) did not relate the lack of training to the availability of female condoms. However, most (73%) of the respondents said that the attitude of women towards the size of female condoms was negative because of its shape and difficult insertion which affected female condom use. Conclusion Factors influencing the utilization of female condoms among women attending Kaladima HCIV Amuru district were; the unavailability of female condoms that contributed to inadequate use, lack of support from their partners, and the negative attitude of women towards the size of female condoms due to their shape and difficulty insertion so affected female condom use. Recommendation Therefore, the study recommends that the Ministry of Health should devise strategies that promote the involvement of male spouses in female condom use.
Copyright (c) 2024 Betty Akiira , Nelson Kakande (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF BREASTFEEDING AND PROPER WEANING PRACTICES AMONG INFANT FEEDING MOTHERS ATTENDING IMPERIAL MEDICAL SERVICES ENTEBBE WAKISO DISTRICT.
Background: Breastfeeding is important in infancy and weaning is crucial in reducing mortality and promoting growth. The main aim of the study was to assess awareness of breastfeeding and proper weaning practices among infant-feeding mothers. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and relied on quantitative methods of data collection. This design was chosen because data was collected at once, questionnaires were used to collect data, and findings were presented in the form of tables, figures, and pie charts. Results: The majority of 10(33%) breastfeeding mothers were aged 26 to 30 years, and half 15(50%) of the respondents had 2 children. 20(67%) an had O level as their highest level of education. 11(37%) of mothers knew that they should start breastfeeding a neonate after 1 hour of birth. While 10(33%) of the respondents thought that they could stop exclusive breastfeeding after 1 month and the same number for 6 months. 20(67%) of respondents revealed the best source of nutrients as breast milk. Moreover, 18(60%) reported that any food can be weaned to the babies. For factors attributed to early weaning, 8(27%) of mothers said that babies do not get enough nutrients, 7(23%) revealed that it was the wish of the husband and the minority 5(17%) said it was pregnancy. Conclusion: The findings revealed that not all of the mothers were aware of when to start exclusive breastfeeding and when to wean so midwives should be empowered to health educate, train, and involve the community and stakeholders in boosting knowledge and practices on weaning. Recommendation: The study urges the Ugandan government through the Ministry of Health to empower healthcare providers (e.g. nurses) to offer continuous health education to mothers about breastfeeding and weaning. Regardless of having more than one child. To bridge the existing gap of weaning at different intervals.
Copyright (c) 2024 Namugenyi Milly, Claire Mukomuzibu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH FACILITY, AND HEALTH-RELATED FACTORS AFFECTING PROPER WOUND MANAGEMENT BY HEALTH WORKERS ATTENDING TO CAESAREAN SECTION MOTHERS SEEKING HEALTH SERVICES IN MUKONO GENERAL HOSPITAL MUKONO DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Wound management is a critical component of post-operative care particularly for mothers recovering from caesarean sections. Proper wound care can significantly impact recovery times, reduce infection risk, and improve maternal health outcomes. However, the effectiveness of wound management is influenced by many factors including health workers, health facilities, and health-related variables. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the health worker, health facility, and health-related factors affecting proper wound management by health workers attending cesarean section mothers seeking health services in Mukono General Hospital Mukono District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used with a purposive sampling method to select 30 study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data being analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented using tables, figures, graphs, and charts. Results: The study findings on health worker-related factors were that 17(56.7%) were certificate holders, 20(66.7%) rarely washed their hands during cesarean section incision site care and 24(80%) reported a shortage of time. Health facility-related factors included; 16(53.3%) reporting the absence of policies about wound care at the unit, 24(80%) never received supervision during wound care, and 28(93.3%) reporting the absence of guidelines on wound management. Patient-related factors; 21(70%) reported patients weighing above 75 kilograms, 17(56.7%) reported diabetes and 16(69.6%) reported alcohol intake was challenging with wound healing. Conclusion: Factors that affected proper wound management health workers, health facilities, and health-related factors consisted of low academic qualification, inconsistent hand washing, shortage of time, absence of policies, supervision, guidelines, and training, high body weight, alcohol intake, comorbidities especially diabetes, herb medicine use and absence of support from family members. Recommendation: Stakeholders should improve the quality of health facility management systems and sensitize mothers about appropriate cesarean wound care.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sandrah Ruth Namboowa, Nelson Kakande (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH WORKERS IN PREVENTING IMMUNE - DEFICIENCY DISORDERS AMONG PATIENTS IN GULU REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Immuno-deficiency disorders are conditions that impair the immune system’s ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack the body. The study aims to assess the Challenges faced by health workers in preventing Immuno-deficiency disorders among patients in the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology The study considered a cross-sectional study where both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to collect data from 30 respondents. Results The major challenges faced by the health workers were low attitude and willingness to focus on the prevention of immune deficiency disorders and low socioeconomic status. 17(56.7%) were not willing to sensitize patients to immune deficiency disorders, followed by 11(36.7%) of the respondents said they were willing and only 02(6.7%) said they never support. 30(100%) said health workers are required to have a good attitude towards sensitizing patients to immuno-deficiency disorders. 29(96.7%) said yes, while 01(3.3%) said no to the statement low socio-economic status hinders proper maintenance of a good immune system. As to whether it was true or false that patients who have a high misconception about immune deficiency disorder will have poor maintenance of their immune system, the majority 27(90%) said yes, while 03(10%) said no. The majority of respondents 16(53.3%) worked for only less than 2 years on patients with immuno-deficiency disorders, followed by 10(33.3%) of them who worked for 6-10 years. Conclusion The health workers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital have a wide range of avoidable limitations that make them unable to effectively participate in the prevention of Immuno-deficiency disorders among patients which puts most patients at risk. Recommendation The health management team of GRRH should design a work plan that allows health workers to obtain regular training to improve their capacity in handling patients with immuno-deficiency disorders.
Copyright (c) 2024 BARBARA ABWOO , AKANKUNDA BARBARA KANSIIME (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NON-ADHERENCE TO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN ARUA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL ARUA DISTRICT.A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background Tuberculosis is an infectious airborne bacterial disease. The study aims to assess the factors contributing to non-adherence to Ani-Tuberculosis drugs among Tuberculosis Patients. Methodology A cross-sectional study was designed at Arua Regional Referral Hospital in the Arua district using a Simple random sampling technique on 32 respondents including both males and females. Results The significant factors influencing adherence were forgetfulness, drug stockouts in facilities, the number and size of drugs to be taken, and social support. The main reason for non-adherence was that the respondent had forgotten to swallow the drug 8(34%), those who forgot because the drugs were big and that they became well accounted for 8(25%) each while other respondents gave other reasons 5(16%). 28(88%) reported that they were given TB drugs as prescribed while those who did not receive drugs said that there was a stock out of drugs 2(50%) while 2(50%) were referred to another facility when no drugs were given. The majority of patients 21(66%) reported having been given 1-2 types of drugs which they took 1-2 times a day 23(72%) as compared to those who took 2-4 times 9(28%). Most respondents received social support from their families and communities 29(91%), with up to 28(88%) having been escorted by at least a family relative for treatment despite 03(9%) and 1(3%) having started treatment after a month and more than a month respectively. Conclusion There is adequate general knowledge on TB however loss of employment, stigma and lack of social support, discrimination, poverty, having a comorbidity, medication side effects, and long treatment period posed as barriers to treatment adherence. Recommendation Preventing the need for retreatment in the first place is the best strategy given the patient, community, and national health consequences of poor initial TB treatment outcomes and non-adherence.
Copyright (c) 2024 GODFREY ADEBASIKU , Dr. Oluka Julius (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS PHARMACOVIGILANCE AT KAYUNGA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KAYUNGA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Purpose of the study: The study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare professionals towards pharmacovigilance at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital, Kayunga district. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design, simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected from a sample size of 50 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Data was analyzed manually and entered in a computer using Microsoft Excel computer program to generate tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: Most of the respondents were 58% females while the least were 42% males. 48% knew the correct definition of pharmacovigilance, 54% had ever heard about adverse drug reaction reporting, 78% thought ADR reporting is a professional obligation, 76% knew that National drug authority was the regulatory body responsible for monitoring ADRs, 44% had ever heard of a pharmacovigilance program in Uganda, 98% said pharmacovigilance should be taught in detail to health care professionals, 68% had ever experienced ADRs in their patients during their professional practice, 84% had never reported ADRS to the pharmacovigilance center, 78% had never been trained on how to report ADRs. Conclusions: Generally according to the findings, the respondents had some knowledge of pharmacovigilance and their attitudes toward reporting the ADRs encountered by patients were good however their practice was poor. Recommendations: The government, Ministry of Health, and the hospital administration should organize seminars to encourage ADR reporting and provide knowledge on ADRs, more researchers should carry out more research regarding the same topic to cover up the unfilled gaps, ADR reporting should be encouraged and promoted, especially through financial support.
Copyright (c) 2024 DANIEL BALIRAINE , DR. NIWAGIIRA MULODOKAYI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR DISPENSED MEDICINES AT THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT PHARMACY IN KAYUNGA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the level of patient knowledge in terms of dosage, duration of treatment, and the purpose of their prescribed medication after dispensing by the dispenser at the OPD pharmacy at KRRH. To examine the mean dispensing time at KRRH OPD pharmacy and identify how dispensing time influences the level of patients' knowledge about their dispensed medicines. To find out the effects of other factors (such as; gender, age, education level, and perceived language clarity) on the level of their dispensed medicines Methodology: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional study design. A quantitative data collection method was employed where respondents were selected using a convenience sampling technique and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and a watch was used for measuring mean dispensing time. A sample of 70 respondents was obtained using Burton's formula. Results: Out of the total 70 participants, 57(81.4%) had good knowledge of their dispensed medications. Patients with higher educational levels had increased knowledge of dispensed medication than those with no formal education. Also having a clear perceived language increased the patients' knowledge of their dispensed medicines The mean dispensing time was found to be 52.67seconds which was less than that recommended by the WHO as ≥90 seconds per patient Conclusions: There's generally good patient knowledge towards their dispensed medicines. The level of education and perceived language clarity of the patients are good predictors of the patient's knowledge of their medication together with dispensing time per patient. Recommendations: The MoH should recruit better trained pharmacy staff to allow more time for patient-dispenser interaction. Dispensers should always check for patients' understanding of their dispensed medicines before they leave the dispensing area. There should also be continuous education and training of dispensers on appropriate labeling and patient teaching about their dispensed medicines.
Copyright (c) 2024 ALLAN EMOOT, DR. SIDA HARRISON (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARD SELF-MEDICATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN KAMPALA SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES, WAKISO DISTRICT; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Specific objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards self-medication among medical students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district. Study design/method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data from 100 respondents. Results: Self-medication was found to be practiced by 93% of the students. The most common condition of taking self-medication was headache 54.66% of the total participants. Analgesics were the most common drug group to be used as self-medication by a majority of 65.67% of the students. Conclusion: There was an alarming rise in self-medication practices among medical students in the Kampala School of Health Sciences, Wakiso district. They should be given sufficient knowledge about the medicines they were taking, regarding their indications, contraindications, cross-reactions, allergies, and side effects. Recommendations: Strengthening of rules and regulations by which pharmacies, and drug shops are guided and supposed to operate in regards to selling medicines. Furthermore, there is a need for continuous health education by health workers on self-medication and its complications. There is a need for further study to be conducted in other medical institutions with a larger sample size to substantiate the findings of this study for possible generalization.
Copyright (c) 2024 ALEX KIZZA , Dr.SIDA HARRISON (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS THE USE OF ANALGESICS AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF KYENTALE WARD HOIMA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards using analgesics among the residents of Kyentale Ward Hoima district Uganda. Methodology: The study design employed was a descriptive cross-sectional, to address the specific objectives of the study on a sample of 50 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires were designed and used as data collection tools. Results: The majority % of the respondents 80% had ever used analgesics, 70% agreed that analgesics reduce pain, and 36% obtained this information from friends and neighbors.56% of the respondents agreed that taking analgesics to relieve pain has side effects such as dizziness, headache, and gastric ulcers, 56% were very satisfied with the use of analgesics, 30% were satisfied, 10% were neutral and 4% were not satisfied with the use of analgesics. The majority 80% had ever used analgesics whereas the minority 20% had not used analgesics. 62% of the respondents agreed that they have used analgesics without consultation with the health workers, of which most do not follow the doctor’s advice. Half 50% took analgesics more than 3 times a day whereas the least 6% took analgesics once daily. Conclusion: Generally, the residents had inadequate knowledge, their attitude was reasonable and residents had a fair practice of analgesics since they were self-medicating with irrational drug use which increases the risks of toxicity, kidney damage, and gastric ulcers. Recommendation: The Ministry of Health should carry out sensitization sessions to educate the patients about the possible side effects of analgesics and dangers of their use without consultation of the health workers to reduce or possibly eliminate the side effects of the drugs and resistances where necessary.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nicholas Alinaitwe , Sharifah Nabukenya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING ARUA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, ARUA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Purpose of the study It was for the prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among patients attending to Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Arua district. The specific objectives To establish the prevalence of Tuberculosis among patients seen at Arua Regional Referral Hospital, individual risk factors of tuberculosis infection among patients attending Arua Regional Referral Hospital, and health facility-related factors for tuberculosis among patients attending Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Arua District. Methodology A cross-sectional study design was carried out on a sample size of 50 respondents with a simple random technique. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions; data was later analyzed using tally sheets, computed into frequency and percentages using the Microsoft Excel computer program with illustrated figures (bar and pie charts) and tables for easier interpretation. Results The overall results revealed that 68% had no active tuberculosis, and 76% had suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition to that, the general results from individual risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis revealed that 40% said yes to alcohol being the major risk factor of tuberculosis, majority 48% said yes to having HIV/AIDS patients are at risk of acquiring tuberculosis. However, for health facilities related to risk factors of Tuberculosis, 96% have never heard about tuberculosis. Majority 42% from radio sources, and the majority 52% preferred avoiding smoking to prevent the acquisition of tuberculosis. Conclusion Even though the prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among patients attending Arua Regional Referral Hospital, were fairly satisfactory, poor prevention methods could impose a significant impact on the development of tuberculosis. Recommendations It encourages proper sensitization and awareness of the community or the entire public, about TB, its effects & prevention strategies. Counseling services should be offered in health units and churches or mosques to help those affected families.
Copyright (c) 2024 PHILIP MANGWI, DR. NIWAGIIRA MULODOKAYI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED POLYPHARMACY AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ATTENDING KAYUNGA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KAYUNGA DISTRICT.A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Background: Purpose: To determine the factors contributing to increased cases of polypharmacy among adult patients attending Kayunga Regionals Referral Hospital in Kayunga district. Specific objectives: Finding out individual factors contributing to increased cases of polypharmacy among adult patients attending Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital. To determine health facility-related factors contributing to increased cases of polypharmacy among adult patients attending Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used among 50 respondents. A simple random sampling technique was used. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The data was analyzed manually using tally sheets and presented as tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: The majority of the respondents (30%) were aged 45-50 years, (70%) reported having been diagnosed with multiple diseases all at once, (64%) reported that they received more than five medications for managing the same condition, 60% took the drug with other supplements, 76% were not aware of the consequence of polypharmacy, (44%) got medication from the clinic, (82%) reported not having private prescribers, (56%) had been hospitalized for a week, (64%) reported that health workers are less experienced in the treatment of old adults leading to polypharmacy. Conclusion: Factors contributing to increased cases of polypharmacy are having multiple diagnoses, having more than five medications, internship prescribers, less experienced prescribers, taking drugs with supplements, chronic diseases, advanced age, and lack of improved hospitals with better services. Recommendation: The MoH and government should build better hospitals in rural areas so that people can access better services offered by well-trained medical workers, the management of Kayunga RRH should provide their health workers with continuous professional development through conducting seminars, academic worker shops, and appraisals to keep them updated on current treatment and prevention guidelines.
Copyright (c) 2024 REAGAN OCEN, Dr. SIDA HARRISON (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0